Evolution of Whales

Hundreds of millions years ago, the first tetrapods swan out of the water and began dwelling on land. About 50 million years ago, the ancestor of whales, Palicetids which is a wolf-life predator, went back into the water and from then on whales are evolved. Just to be clear the whales and wolves are not related.  Whales is a diverse group of aquatic animal. The closest living relative of whales is hippo. A 28 million fossil proves that hippo is related to whale. There is a 40 million gap between the early whales and early hippos, but a fossil of 28 million year found in Kenya proves the relation between the early whales and early hippos.

Evolution of whales take place in its body. The body of whales changed so it can be able to survive in marine environment. The teeth of the whale evolved from large carnivorous teeth to simple and the amount of teeth increased.                                                                                                                                                                               

The pelvis bone and hind limbs gradually became smaller because it is the vestigial structure of the whale. The ears and nose also changed. The ears adapt to the sound of the water because it is different from the land and the nose shifted to its forehead. All these occurred so the whale have a better chance at surviving in the marine environment.

There are many evidences that can prove whale evolution such as fossils and embryos. The evolution of whale is an evidence of transitional form. Transitional form is organisms’ changing states between the ancestor’s form and the descendant’s form. Fossil evidences such as the whale’s pelvis bone shows that the ancestor of the whale have hind limbs and it is a land dwelling animal. As for the embryo evidence, whale embryo have hind limbs, a long narrow tail and neck. This proves that the whale evolved from land dwelling animal.

Evolution

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Genetics

Genetics

Chemistry Summative

Observation

Reactants:                            AgNO3  + K2CrO4  

The potassium chromate in it’s liquid is a yellow, translucent and soluble.

The silver nitrate in it’s liquid form is a clear and translucent.

Reaction:

The reaction happened instantly after a drop of silver nitrate was added into the potassium chromate . The silver nitrate turn into a brownish-red opaque solid inside the potassium.  

Product:                             

The silver chromate is brownish-red opaque solid

The potassium nitrate is clear and translucent liquid

 

After Reaction:

After 12 hours the silver chromate would sink to the bottom and the potassium nitrate would be at the top.

Conclusion and Analysis

Type of Change:

The chemical change

Balance Equation:

It is a double replacement reaction

AgNO3  + K2CrO4  ---> AgCrO4  +  K2NO3

- It is a mechanical mixture because we can clearly still see the brownish-red substance inside the clear translucent liquid

-It is a double replacement reaction because the potassium wants to lose an electron while the nitrate wants to gain an electron

Chemical Reaction Summative

               The elements included in this balanced chemical equation are carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. As shown in the picture down below, in the reactant there are 2 acetylene and five oxygen.In the product are four carbon dioxide and two water. Acetylene is a chemical compound of carbon and hydrogen.

                Law of conservation of matter states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. To satisfy this law, we have to balanced the chemical equation. In this chemical equation(2C₂H₂ + O_{2 ----->}  4CO₂ + H₂O), it satisfy the law as there are no new atoms that are added or destroyed, they are just moved. In this chemical equation the number of different atoms of elements in the reactants side are equal to the number of different atoms of elements in the product side.

                Acetylene is a colorless and odorless gas used as a fuel and a chemical building block. Molecule weight of acetylene is 26.04 lb/mol. Boiling point is at -119.6 degree Fahrenheit, melting point at -113.4 degree Fahrenheit. Liquid density of acetylene is 23.61 lb/ft3 at 70 degree Fahrenheit, gas density is 0.0677 lb/ft3 at 70 degree Fahrenheit. These are the physical properties of acetylene. Acetylene decompose very slowly at a normal temperature but decompose rapidly 780 degree Celsius. The amount of carbon to hydrogen is so large that this hydrocarbon behaves as a feeble acid. But it is not sufficiently ionized in aqueous solution to show an acid reaction. These are the chemical property of acetylene.

Lithium Hydroxide Chemical Reaction

Chemical Reaction

Lithium hydroxide is a compound with a formula of LioH, but as lithium oxide mix with water, it make Lithium hydroxide. The balanced formula for this reaction is Li2O + H2O ---> 2 LiOH. For a chemical equation to be balanced, there needs to be equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation.Chemical equations need to be balance in order to satisfy the law of conservation of matter. In the reactants which is lithium oxide and water, there are 2 lithium atoms, 2 oxygen atoms and 2 hydrogen atoms so the product need 2 LiOH molecules (2 lithium hydroxide) to balance the equation. The law of conservation of matter states that the mass can neither be destroyed or created. The chemical change happens when lithium oxide( Li2O) is mixed with water which make Lithium hydroxide(LiOH). The physical change is that lithium oxide looks a white solid,  but turns into a colorless solution of lithium hydroxide which is odorless and also looks like white solid but it is hygroscopic, meaning it absorbs moisture from air.

Making Molecules

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